Ngā Wāhanga Koranu Parahi Ātete-Kakahu: Aratohu Tau

Tātaihia te Pēhanga Whero me te PV i mua i te Kōwhiringa i tētahi Tau

Ko te mata hangarau tuatahi mō te peera papatahi he tikanga kei roto ko te pēhanga peera kua matapaetia:

P = W ÷ (D × L)

Kei hea:

• P= te pēhanga whāriki matapae
• W= kawenga porowhita
• D= te whānui o te pou
• L= te roa o te peera

Whakaarohia:

• Kawenga pūtoro: 20,000 N
• Te whānui o te kakau: 40 mm
• Te roa o te peera: 50 mm

Te rohe e matapaetia ana:

40 × 50 = 2,000 mm²

Te pēhanga o te peera:

20,000 ÷ 2,000 = 10 N/mm² =10 MPa

Mena ko te tere o te mata he 0.20 m/s:

PV = 10 MPa × 0.20 m/s = 2.0 MPa·m/s

Ehara taua tau i te mea ka eke, ka hinga aunoa.

He uara tātari tēnei me arotake tahi me:

• Tikanga whakahinuhinu
• Auautanga tīmatanga
• Te nekehanga pōturi, te nekehanga tonu rānei
• Te whakamararatanga wera
• Rauemi mata
• Tautoko whare
• Te poke
• Te pāmahana ratonga
• Te roa e hiahiatia ana

Kaua e tārua i tētahi whakatauranga PV mai i tētahi ripanga whānui ipurangi me te kore e whakaū i te tikanga whakamātautau me ngā tikanga whakahaere.

Ka taea e te Toka te Whakangaro i tētahi Peera Parahi Pai

Kāore e taea e te papa parahi te whakatika i tētahi mata papa kāore i te tika.

Me aro te tuhi ki:

• Rauemi o te kakau
• Te pakeke o te kakau
• Whakaotinga mata
• Porowhita
• Oma atu
• Whakaritenga
• Paninga mata
• Ngā awaawa whakahinuhinu
• Te horoi o te huihuinga

Ka taea e te rakau ngohengohe, taratara rānei te pakaru o te piri me te tere o te keri. Ka taea hoki e te rakau tino mārō engari kāore i oti pai te hanga te kino i te mata o te peera.

Mena ko te tuhi o te pūihi anake ka riro i te kaiwhakarato, kāore i oti te arotake hoahoa.

He takirua tribological te pou me te whāriki. Arotakehia ngātahi.

Ngā Huringa Ātea o te Oma me te Pāmahana

Ko ngā tauwehenga whānui wera o ngā koranu parahi he tata ki te 16–18 µm/m·K, i runga i te koranu me te awhe pāmahana.

Mō te diameter parahi 100 mm i whakatōkia ki te pikinga pāmahana 80°C, ko te tipu wera kore herenga he tata ki:

ΔD = α × D × ΔT

I te 16 µm/m·K:

16 × 10⁻⁶ × 100 mm × 80 =0.128 mm

I te 18 µm/m·K:

18 × 10⁻⁶ × 100 mm × 80 =0.144 mm

Ehara i te mea ka rerekē aunoa te āputa mahi i taua nui tuturu. Ka whānui hoki te kakau maitai, ā, ka herea pea te pūwero parahi e te whare, e te urunga pēhi rānei.

E whakaatu ana tēnei i tētahi atu kōrero nui ake:

Kāore e taea te whiriwhiri i te pāmahana e tau ana ki te rūma me te kore e whai whakaaro ki te pāmahana whakahaere me ngā tikanga huihuinga.

Kāore te tohu taunga H7/h6 e whakatau i te āputa tika mō ia peera.

Ka Hurihia te Mahi me te Utu e te Ara Hanga

Te Maka Tonu

Ka taea e ngā pae me ngā ngongo whakarewa tonu te whakarato i te taurite whai hua o:

• Te wātea o te rahi
• Hanganga ōrite
• Ngā āhua takoto kau tata-kupenga
• Te ōhanga mīhini
• Te whakaputanga ka taea te tukurua

Tērā pea he tika ngā paerewa pēnei i te ASTM B505/B505M, i runga i te momo me te raupapa.

Te Makahanga Pūwero

He maha ngā whakamahinga o te whakarewanga pūwero mō:

• Ngā pūihi nui
• Ngā ringaringa
• Ngā mowhiti
• Ngā wāhanga kākahu porotaka

Ka taea e ia te whakaputa i ngā whakarewa porotaka matotoru, ā, ka whakaiti i te nui o ngā rauemi ka tangohia, ki te whakaritea ki te miihini mai i te pae totoka. Tērā pea ka tika te ASTM B271/B271M.

Te Maka Oneone, te Maka Pūmau rānei

Mā ngā āhua tata-kupenga ka whakaiti i te whakamahinga rauemi mō:

• Ngā taputapu
• Ngā pūwero whakarara
• Ngā pereti kakahu
• Ngā wāhanga koretake

Me tautuhi e te kaihoko te pūngao e whakaaetia ana, ngā tikanga whakatika, te whakaaetanga mīhini me ngā whakaritenga tirotiro. Tērā pea ka tika te whakamahi i te ASTM B584, i ngā paerewa motuhake rānei pērā i te ASTM B148.

Ngā Hua Tuitui me ngā Hua Whakarewa

Ka taea te whakamāori i ngā hua konumohe-parahi kua oti te whakakoi, kua hangaia rānei ina:

• He mea nui ngā āhuatanga ā-ringa aronga
• E hiahiatia ana te kaha ngenge teitei
• Me karo ngā wāhanga matua i ngā korenga e pā ana ki te whakarewanga
• Ka mīhinihia te wāhanga mai i te pae, i te whakarewa rānei

Tērā pea ka pā te ASTM B150/B150M ki ētahi tokotoko, pae, āhua me ngā mea hanga konumohe-parahi kua tohua.

Me ōrite te paerewa ki te ara hanga me te ara hanga. Kaua e tohua he taumata whakarewa-koranu me te paerewa hua-whakairo, me te tumanako ka whakatauhia pukutia e ngā kaiwhakarato te tautohe.

Ka taea e ngā ngongo parahi tata-kupenga te whakaiti i te utu nui atu i te koranu iti ake te utu

Whakaarohia he pūkaha C93200 kua oti:

• OD kua oti: 100 mm
• Tautuhinga Kua Oti: 80 mm
• Roa kua oti: 80 mm

Te rōrahi kua oti te ariā:

π ÷ 4 × (100² − 80²) × 80
= tata ki226,195 mm³

Kōwhiringa A: Mīhini Mai i te Pae Totoka Ø105 mm

Rōrahi tāuru:

π ÷ 4 × 105² × 80
= tata ki692,721 mm³

Te whakamahinga rauemi ariā:

226,195 ÷ 692,721 =32.6%

Me tango atu tata ki te 67.4% o te rōrahi whakauru i mua i te whakaurunga o te mata, o ētahi atu āhuatanga rānei.

Mā te whakamahi i te tohutoro mātotoru C93200 o te 8.93 g/cm³:

• Tāurunga kau: tata ki te 6.19 kg
• Pūmau kua oti: tata ki te 2.02 kg
• Te tangohanga ariā: tata ki te 4.17 kg

Kōwhiringa B: Whakamahia he Ngongo Tata-Kupenga, Ø105 × Ø75 mm

Rōrahi tāuru:

π ÷ 4 × (105² − 75²) × 80
= tata ki339,292 mm³

Te whakamahinga rauemi ariā:

226,195 ÷ 339,292 =66.7%

Taumaha tata:

• Tube pātea: tata ki te 3.03 kg
• Pūmau kua oti: tata ki te 2.02 kg
• Te tangohanga ariā: tata ki te 1.01 kg

Ka whakaitihia e te ngongo tata-kupenga te tango rauemi ariā mā te tata ki3.16 kg ia wāhangai roto i tēnei tauira.

Ka whakawhirinaki anō hoki te hua tuturu ki:

• Kani kerf
• Te tahua e anga atu ana
• Ngā ātete ngongo e wātea ana
• Te tango i te koha o te mata
• Te horoi iti rawa
• Ngā āhuatanga o te wāhanga
• Rauemi i whakakahoretia
• Whiwhinga para

Kei te mārama tonu te karere arumoni:

Tērā pea ka iti ake te utu o tētahi kaiwhakarato e tuku ana i te momo rauemi tika i tētahi kaiwhakarato e tuku ana i te taonga totoka anake.

Ngā Tauwhitinga Mīhini nā te Whānau Parahi

Ko ngā tere me ngā whāngai tika e whakawhirinaki ana ki:

• Te āhua whakarewa, te āhua whao rānei
• Te pakeketanga
• Rauemi taputapu
• Te pakari o te mīhini
• Te hohonu o te tapahi
• Kaiwhakamatao
• Āhuahanga wāhanga
• Te whakaotinga mata e hiahiatia ana

Ka taea te arotake i ngā kaupapa e hiahia ana kia oti ngā wāhanga me Cymber Metal's.ngā ratonga miihini pai.

He aha ngā mea me tirotirohia?

Te Hanganga Matū

Whakaūtia te taumata me te rota tika. Tērā pea ka tautokohia e te XRF kawe te tautuhi whānui o te koranu, engari me ōrite te tikanga tātari kua whakaaetia ki ngā huānga me te tika e hiahiatia ana e te paerewa rauemi.

Ngā Āhuatanga Mīhini

I runga i te momo me te āhua o te hua, ka hiahia pea te kaihoko:

• Te kaha o te kume
• Te kaha o te hua
• Te whakaroa
• Te pakeketanga
• Te whakamātautau pānga, te whakamātautau motuhake rānei mēnā e tika ana

Te Hauora ā-roto

Mō ngā whakarewanga tino nui, ka hiahiatia pea e te ota:

• Whakamātautau Ultrasonic
• Tirotiro irahiko
• Whakamātautau wai-whakauru
• Arotake hanganga whānui
• Te whakamātautau pēhanga, te turuturu rānei

Kāore i oti te kupu "UT tested". Whakamāramahia te tikanga, te aro, te whakatikatika, te rōrahi i tirotirohia me ngā paearu whakaae.

Ngā Ahu me te Mata

Tautuhia:

• Ngā rahinga kua oti
• Ngā Rārangi
• Te ātea oma
• Ngā āhuatanga pēhi-tau
• Porowhita
• Te arotahi
• Oma atu
• Te taratara o te mata
• Āhuatanga o te awaawa-whakahinuhinu
• Pakaru taha
• Ngā tohu whakarewa, tohu miihini rānei kua whakaaetia

Te Whai Aroturuki

Kei roto pea i te kete tirotiro:

• Tiwhikete Whakamātautau Rauemi
• Tiwhikete Whakatutukitanga
• Te tautuhi wera, te tautuhi rota rānei
• Pūrongo ā-ahu
• Hua o te mārō
• Pūrongo NDT
• Tirotiro Tuhinga Tuatahi
• Te rēkoata tirotiro whakamutunga

Ka taea e ngā kaihoko te arotake i ngā tuhinga kua whakaputaina e Cymber Metalngā mōhiohio taputapumengā mōhiohio tiwhiketeMe whakaae tonu ki ngā whakaritenga tirotiro motuhake mō te ota i roto i te ota hoko.

Te Mata, te Waikura me te Mōrearea Mākete Haerenga

Kotahi noa te kuaha whakaae ko te mahi ā-mīhini.

Ahakoa he pai te mahi a te C93200 hei peera parahi engari kāore e tutuki i ngā whakaritenga matū-here a te kiritaki.

Ahakoa he kaha teitei te C86300, me arotake anō te waikura i roto i ngā rauemi kaha.

Ahakoa he pai te C95500 mō te ratonga wai moana, he mea nui tonu te āhua whakarewa, te maimoatanga wera me te hanganga moroiti.

Pātaihia ēnei pātai i mua i te whakaae ki te rauemi:

• He here te mata?
• Ka pā te wāhanga ki te wai inu, ki te kai rānei?
• Kua rukuhia te wāhanga ki te wai moana?
• E tumanakohia ana te cavitation?
• Kei reira te haukini, tētahi atu matū kaha rānei?
• Ka puta te waikura konukōre i ngā konganuku rerekē?
• Kei te whakamahia te tiaki katote?
• E whakaaetia ana te whakatikatika whakarewa?
• He paninga, he whakakikorua rānei e hiahiatia ana?

Ahakoa ka taea e tētahi rauemi te whakaoti i tētahi whakamātautau ā-ringa, kāore tonu i te tika mō te mākete ūnga.

Whakatauritehia te Utu Katoa o te Wāhanga i Taungahia

Mō ngā wāhanga koranu parahi ātete-kakahu, whakamahia tēnei tātai:

Te utu katoa mō ngā wāhanga kua taunga = te pūtake koranu + te tahuritanga whakarewa, te tahuritanga whao rānei + te ngaronga hua + te mīhini + te tirotiro + te whakaoti + te tākai + te utanga + te takoha + te pūtea + te pānga ki te whakakorenga me te wā kore mahi

Me tautuhi te kōrero:

• Te utu mō te parahi, te tine, te nikara, me ētahi atu mea whakarewa rānei
• Te rā utu, te wā toharite rānei
• Te ara whakarewa, te ara hanga rānei
• Te utu maimoatanga wera
• Te miihini taratara, te miihini whakaoti rānei
• NDT me ngā tuhinga
• Te whakakore i te mana pupuri, te nama rānei
• Te tākai
• Incoterm
• Aratau utanga
• Te mana o te whakahuatanga
• Te kawenga whakakapinga

Tērā pea he iti ake te utu mō te whakarewa tata-kupenga nui ake i te utu mō te pae totoka iti ake te utu i muri i te miihini.

Tērā pea ka roa ake te ora o tētahi koranu kaha ake—tērā pea ka tāpiri utu anō hoki, engari kāore e ea te raruraru whakahinuhinu tuturu.

Mahia te tātaitanga katoa.

Kāri Kaute Aromatawai Kaiwhakarato

Hurihia te taumaha kia rite ki te tono.

Me nui ake te taumaha o te waikura, te pirau me te pakari o roto i tētahi wāhanga papu moana. Mēnā he pūkaha ahumahi paru, puhoi te neke, ka nui ake pea te taumaha o te whakaurunga, te whakahinuhinu me te tiaki i te pou.

 

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